Writing-machine.



N0, 895,267. 7 PATENTED AUG. 4, 1908.

E. B. HESS. WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. B, 1905.1

'I SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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IATENTBD, AUG. 4, 1908.

E. B. HESS. WRITING MACHINE. APPLIGATIOfi FILED FEB. 3, 1906.

E. B. HESS. WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 8, 1908.

By Iii; 10 ey 1/ r 0540mm ii L ld u;

am m PATENTED AUG. 4, 1908.

s. B. HESS. WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILE D P113. 8, 1908.

v 7 SHEETS-SHEET l.

E. B; HESS;

4 WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 23.13. 1906.

' PATB ETBD AUG. 4, 1908,

7 sHmnzH-s\ PATEN'ITED AUG. 4, 1908.

3. B. HESS. WRITING momma.

APPLICATIOH FILED FEB. 8, 1906.

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rmirrnp STATES PATENT OFFICE-- EDWARD B- HESS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.. ASSlG-NOR 'l O ROYAL TYPEWRITER COMPANY, 61- v HOBOKEN, new JERSEY, A'CURIOILYIION or NEW mnsov.

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Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Aug. 4, 1908.

' Application film. February 8. 1906. Serial No. 300,039.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it. known that I, EDWARD B. H'r'ss, a citizen of thcUnitcd States. residing in the. borough of Brooklyn, city andStatc of New York, 'have invented certain new and useful Im pro ve'ments in 'Writing-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention primarily relates to a visible writingmachine 1n which type-bars, pivoted in a segment below the platen, are actuated by flexing connections extending from them forward to fixed points and having, when flexed, the accelerating action of a reverse or breaking toggle. 'ly'pcwriting machines of 6 this general character are shown in U. S. Letters Patent, granted to me, No. 700,687,

dated May 20, 1902; and in pending applica- {tions filed by me. i- Among the ob ects of the invention are to rovide for actuation of the respective typel ars h v adirect pull in the vertical lane of a s (night one extending from the bee of a type bart o t .hc fixed oint to which its flexing conncctionlis attac -led; to so organize the machine thaflcorresponding parts of all of the flexing type-bar actuating devices shall be of equal length and-like construction: to afi'ord suhstanthilly-equal touch, and uniform depth of depression of all the key lever finger pieces, to which end the invention comprises a new scheme of connection of the key-levers to the type-bar actuating devices: to provide new means of application of reaction springs to the key-levers, affording individual and gang adjustment of the springs: and to irnprove the construction and arrangement of the type-bar segment. These and other important features of this invention, are hereinafter fully set forth. 'l he drawings show so much of a. twiting machine as is deemed desirable to illustrate the invention. 7

Figure 1, is a plan view, certain parts pertaining to this invention being omitted: Fig. 2, a front elevation, with the key-levers and type bars in section, intended to show more particularly the arrangement of typehar operating devices: Figs. 2' and 2* are enlarged detail views indicating devim for 30 clamping the anchor or pivot pieces of the several type-bar actuating connections: Fig. 3, a view similar to Fig. 2, omitting the type bar, showing a s ccial-nrrang1-m1ent (shown also in Fig. 1)' oli the reaction springs to the type-bar actuating devices: Fig. 4, a dclnil plan view showing the segmental head-rest upon which the type bars he when in normal inactive osition, and a s ecial form of sogmental pliite to which all t 10 reaction springs are attached: Fig. 5, a longitudinal section through the machine, showing, however, only a center key-lever and its t pe bar: Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view showing a way of connecting the rocking escnpcmcnt plate with its operating device: Fig. 5", is an enlarged view of a special form of snap-hook .that may be used as the link for connecting the type-bar actuating connection with its key-lever: Fig.6, an elevation of a stepped late ap )lied at the front of the machine '10 'fbrming bottom stops for the )ins to which are connected the front ends of the tyIlP-lHII' actuating links: Fig. 7, a detail sectional View of the head rest of tl'ic'type-l)iirs: Fig.

8, a diagrammatic view, showing in plan the convergent arrangcmentgof the jointed type-bar actuating hnks: and, Fig. 8 a. d:u.-

grammatic view in longitudinal sectional elevation taken atthc center of the machine showing how, in the organization illustrntml, the operating links converge upon lines meeting at a focus beyond that shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 9, a vertical longitudinal scotional view, similar to Fig. 5, showing some modifications: Fig. 10, a lan view of an :uljustable rocking bar, at t 1e rear of the machine, carrying the key-lever sprin s: Fig. 11, a detail elevation showing a single typebar, its operating devices, and key-lever" having a finger pieccin the first or front row of the bank of linger pieces formiu the-keyboard: Fig. 12, a similar view showing a key-lever whose linger-piece belongs in the second row: Fig. 13, a similar view showing a key-lever whose linger-piece hclongsin the third row: Fig. 1.4, a similar view showing a key-lever whose linger piece belongs in the fourth or rear row. tail views showing a comb plate for-limiting upward movement of the key levers.

a is the platen, b type-bars pivoted in a segment 0, of a construction hereinafter dcscribed, and d arothe key-levers. The typcbars normally lie toward the front of the machine upon a back-st cker rest I) of novel 105 construction hereinafter described. To the heel of each type-bar is jointed a forwardly extending link e jointed at its frontend, at c,

Figs. 15 and 16 are dc l l l I P 2 v p I to fthe rear end of a shorter front link f rockingabout an axis f. The disposition of the respective flexing connections, each composed of links 6, f, is such that, w en the 1o1ntor point of flexure e is depres d, the rear linlhe is drawn forward with an "increasing velocity, throwing the t bar to the printing; oint with an acce ersting move ment. e several axes j are provided in the followin manner.

Mounted :between the frame side plates g,.g, in rear of the bank of finger pieces, is an upright transverse plate or sme h whose upper edge is a concave curve and flatter than that of the type-bar segment. ,lts frontface from the edge downwardl has in r it a series of vertical grooves 71. in w iich areseated verticallydisposed posts it clam ed in place, in pairs, by circular washers hel in posltion by the heads of screws it. To prevent the posts from turning and throwing the t e bar actuating connections e f out of line t e 1posts are formedwith flat faces upon which t e clamping washers bear. On thefront of face of plate It is removably bolted a segmental plate 1 (Figs. 2 and 6) whose up;

per concave edge is stepped from each end to\ the center. The series of rests, stops or steps .so formed, or otherwise provided, serve as bottom stops or gages for the series of posts it. Each 0st is shown as having a flat enlargement 2 at the top and to it is attached, by a pivot connection, its corresponding front link f. All of the posts are so set that the several flexing connections e,f, viewed in plan, lie in vertical planes intersecting the axes f and points of connection of links c with the type bars (Fi s. 1 and 8). When the parts are assembled they naturally assume this straight line' arrangement by reason of their self-strain orgravity, and then their supporting posts having been pro erly set down against the gage late, may e clamped by turning up screws 5.

As seen in Figs. 2 and 8, the transverse curve in which the several axes f he has a longer chord than that of the type-bar se mentfand is flatter than'the curve in Whic the axes of the type-bars lie; As viewed in elevation,-Fi 8, straight lines connecting the points of flexure e with the points of connection of links c with the type-bars converge u on a focus considerably beyond that at whicli they converge when viewed 1n lan as in Fig. 8: and, since the curve occupie by the axes f isconsiderably below the type-bar se ment, lines passing through the various lin s e, as viewed in elevation Fig. 8, converge upon a focus at a greater elevation than that at which they appear to meet when viewed in plan as in Fig. 8. This general arrangement affords the described straight line pull, as viewed in plan, of the flexing connections upon their respective type-bars. Since, in any event, the curve in which the axes j lie is of greater radius than the curve in which the axes of the type-bars lie, it follows (assuming that the axes of the type-bars are all in the same vertical plane) that ifthe axes f are all in the same vertical plane the flexing connections would necessarily be of unequal length, their length graduallyincreasing from the center toward either side of the series. To permit of their being made of-e ual length-,and to afford uniform length of all linkse and uniform length of all links j, the axes f, are arranged as follows: As seen in. plan view, Fig. 1, the series of axes f carried by plate h, occup a transverse line having a slight curve, t e convex side being toward the front of the machine, and plate Ii is tilted or inclined from a verti cal plane, its ends being thereby brought nearer the segment than its bottom or central part] This. arrangement is indicated in Fig. 8 which shows the location of the axis f of theconnection for ocrating one of the end type bars, and that ior operating one of the tween the axes] and the heels of the typebars increases gradually fromthe center of the series toward either side, the distance be tween all'of these points, may be made uniform by inclining plate h, the effect being to swing the axes] at the center of the series somewhat away from the segment, and those at and-near the end of the'series toward the se ment, intermediate ones be' e similarly influenced, according to their position in the curve. All links a being uniform are interchangeable. The same 18 true of links f and posts h.

To obtain the best character of finger-piece or key touch in this style of machine the power for depres ing the flexing connections e. f, is applied to them in substantially vertical lines lying in the vertical planes that pass through the flexing connections when viewed in plan as in Fi s. 1 and 8. In the described organization, ey-levers d are employed for flexing the type-bar actuat' connections As shown they are an ange parallel in a series of a width equal to the transverse dimensions within which are included all the points of connection between and since the front links f are radially arthe key-levers and the flexing connections,

ranged their pivot points occupy a transverse spects, the most satisfactory results are ob- 13c create very material differences of conditions. In the snap hook shown in Fig. the 5 spring plate is apertured and the end of the hook i straight so that it passes through and may play in the aperture of the spring plate. Vl'ith this construction of the hook, any tendency of the part engaged by it to move to the end of the hook and become (llS- engaged therefrom is overcome by the action of the spring plate. Experience has shown that this is a very efficientand desirable form of the device.

' The drawin s indicate a standard keyboard having four transverse rows of finger pieces; The key-levers are as usual ivoted upon a common axis, there being four engths 0 key-levers, one for each row of finger pieces. The key-levers represented in the res ective rows of finger pieces are connected to inlL f in such manner that a uniform, or substantially uniform depth of depression of all finger pieces will bring the type-bars to the printing p0int.- The longer key-levers, whose finger-pieces are in the front row have their links i connected to the corres onding links f nearest the axes thereof, ig. '11). The key-levers re resented in the next or second row of the ey-board, being shorter, are connected to their corresponding links f, (Fig. 13) further from the axes thereof; those represented in the third row being still shorter are connected to their corres ending links still further from their axes, ig. l2);

and those represented in the last row are connected to their corresponding links at still a greater distance from their axes, lg. 14). Substantially, the. several lengths of key levers are respectively connected at such distance from the axes of links that with a uniform depth of depression or all the finger ieces the corresponding type-bars. are uniormly thrown to the printing point.- This arrangement in itself afi'ords uniform depth of depression of all finger pieces, and coupled with the described manner of connection of each keylever with its corresponding link f, insures a light, substantially uniform, touch to all finger-pieces. The scheme of connection is shown in Fig. 1 where the points of connection to links. as above described, of the four lengths of key-levers are correspomlilgly numbered 3, 4, 5, 6. -In further explanation of this feature the several points of connection to links f are numbered upon the single link f, shown in Fig. 5. 4

An arrangement of the reactionary springs of the type-bars is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, Fig. .5, showing the preferred form. Above the plate It (Figs. 3 and 4) is mounted a segmental angle bar 7' from the horizontal part or flange of which extend coiled springs having their lower ends attached to the li s f between their axes and the joints connects96,2e7 p 7 8 tained. Slight variations, not departingling them to rear links e. These sprin from these principles of construction, do not viewed in front elevation, (Fig. 3); appear 1n parallel vertical lines, but viewed 1n side ele-.

vation (Figs. 5 and 10) they incline rearwardly totheir points of connection with 7 links f. The purpose of this disposition of the springs is to give them a'decreasing leverage and thereby avoid undue increase ofhardness of touch of the finger piecesduring their depression. The tension of the springs may be adjusted by individual manipulation; or they may be adjusted by connecting their lowerends with dillerentapertures j a series of which may be formed in each link f adjacent its upper edge, (Fig, 11). This ingo vention, however, contemplates also simul- .taneous adjustment of a plurality or all of. i the springs located as described at the front of the machine above the links f The means of accomplishing such adjustment 35 may be very simple. The segmental plate is shown as mounted, to move vertically in I guides, between the frame side plate g, g, and is made capable of vertical adjustment by means of screws 7' swiveled in the ends of the plate and working in threaded apertures in looks j on the side plates. Withthis arrangement of springs, the keylevers d are preferably pivotally mounted at their rear ends as follows (Figs. 1 and 5): The rear end of each key-lever is shown'of increased width and has a key-way or slot cl extending from its rear edge inwardly and atthe inner end of the slot, the opening is enlarged in a circular curve (1 of something more than half a circle. Extending through these openings 11 is a pivoted bar (1 a propriate y mounted toturn in the side p ates of the machine, and having two opposite faces flattened and the remaining opposite surfaces curved to 0911- form to the circular curvature of the openin (1'. By turning the bar so that its fiattene' sides are horizontal, any or all key-levers may readily be withdrawn. When the flattened sides, howeveiy stand vertically, the key-levers cannot be withdrawn, and its curved faces afiord suitable bearings upon which the key-leversTock. Therear upper ends of the key-levers are guided in slots of 'a horizontally disposed comb plate d extnd- .115 i m ing from the back plate of the frame in-- wardly. d indicates an ordinary universal bar. fit the front,-the key-levers fit and are guided in the slots of a vertically disposed comb plate d. key-levers be applied to the latter adjacent their rear ends, as is sometimes done, the ar rangement shown in 9 and 10 may be adopted. In this construction the several keylevers have upwardly opening been 8,125 la turning upon a fixed cy indrical rod against which they are pressed by springs It seated upon adjusting screws k turning in the bottom of spring, sockets formed in a transverse frame or bar 7: rocking about axes 130 If'the reaction springs of the 'adjusting screw 7c.

simultaneous adjustment of all the springs -which have also individual adjustment by .means of'the screw bolts h The various bolts 7: may be locked by means of a wire bail k? pivoted in lugs 7: on the under face of bar 7: and held in locking position by the overlaiping heads of screws k, the heads being however out off on one side to afford clearance when the bail is to he swung out of the way.

The type-bar segment 0 appropriately supported, for instance as shown in Fig. 2 by a cross bar m is formed with a segmental sho'ulder ml (Figs. 5 and 9 which show slight differences of form) an appropriate distance above the axes of the type bars, and from this shoulder the face of the main plate of the se ment drops vertically to a lower segmental flange m in which is formed'a groove or recess for the reception of the wire Ipassing through, and forming the pivots for a of the type-bars. The bearings of the type bars are closed by a segmental plate m fitting over the shoulder m above which its vertically dis osed part m is bolted to the main plate of t 1e segment. The plate m below the shoulder extends down vertically and closes, as seen in Fig. 9, the bearings of the typebars above which both the main late of the segment and the supplemental p atem are slotted to permit the ty e bars to rock to the rinting .point on the dp aten. At, or about in line, with the shoul er m, the supplemental plate mhas a forwardly extending segmental rib or projection m". The type bars are notched or curved, or have in their upper i faces a U-shaped depression it into which the projection m passes as the type bars come to the printing point. This projection affords a shield or guard projection over the slots in the segment and the bearings of the type bars and prevents access thereto of dirt and particles of paper and rubber that occur when erasures are made upon sheets in the machine.

The head rest for the type bars is shown in a variety of forms in various of the figures. For instance, that b in Fig. 9 is different from that in Figs. 11 and 12; Fi 11 showing a channel bar b in the channel of which is seated a cushion b while in Fig. 12 it is shown as a comparativel narrow late 1) upon which is seated a oils 'on I). he construction shown in Figs. 5 and 7 has material advantages in respect to avoidance of jars and noises of impact. It comprises a segmental channel iron I) in the groove of which is seated a strip of felt or other soft elastic material I), such, for instance as quite soft rubber-say pure gum of low degree of vulcanization. U on such strip andout of contact with the anges of the channel iron is a stripb -cf yieldin elastic material of-a greater degree of ham ness, and preferably vulcan zed rubber of about the hardness and' character employed for pencil erasures (al though it may be considerably harder)over which is laid a coating of thinqniatei'ia'l I) such as, leather. The three strips or layers may be united. by cement and be cemented in the channel of bar shown that with such ahead-rest there is small tendency for the type-bars to rebound and little noise of impact.

- The lowerhorizontal edge of the plate 72. may, as shown, in various of the gures, serve as the upper stop of the key-levers and is, indicated in some of the figureslFig. 11) provided with a facing of rubber or other elastic or fibrous material '0, two layers or strips being shown (Fig. 11) one of which may be felt and the other rubber. The ar= rangement shown in Figs. 5, 15 and 16 is, however, preferred. There, in lieu ofpad o of Fig. 11, is shown a toothed plate 0 is employed, the teeth 0 of which lie, respectively,

above the key levers, rearwardly and the ends.

and are preferably bent doubled or turned over at The teeth are of sufficient rigidity to withstand the impact of return of the keylevers to normal position and yet, b means of a suitable tool may be bent forwar or back to effect adjustment of the normal position of the key-levers. W'hen this toothed stop plate is used the vertical guiding comb plate (Fi 5) may be, and preferably is, employei Fig. 5 shows the preferred form of spring supporting segmen. In this instance the segment 7' has at its front edge a pendent flange 7'5 formed with apertures for connection of the springs I In Fig. 12 another arrangement of ty e bar reaction springs is indicated. In this 1nstance, a spring p connected at its rear end to a transverse bar p has its forward end connected to link f below the hinge joint of the latter with link e. The rear end of the type bar adjacent its ivot is made of'substantially greater widt than in Fi 11 to afford a greater bearin in the slot of which latter is illustrated as of the same general construction already described although of somewhat different proportion.

In Fig. 13, the type bar reaction s rin g is shown as connected at its upper en to the type bar rest I) and-at its lower end in one of a series of apertures in link). This arrangement affords also a spring whose reaction has a decreasing leverage but the construction illustrated in Figs. 3 and 5 is preferred.

In Fig. 14, in addition to spring '1', a type b". 'Experience has the segment bar reaction spring 1' is connected to the heel l ig. 5. There a. spring s is attached to the type-bar heel below and in rear of the con nection thereto of link e, the pivot of the bar,

connections of link e and spring a bein r in approximately an inclined line exten ing downward and rearward from the pivot; The purpose of this arrangement isito give long extension to the comparatively soft springs or r, which has a dccreasih leverage at the time the ty )e-bar head is a jaccnt to or ht the platen, the power of the spring be ing then relatively strong and'serving to effect prompt return of the bar, and also to overcome any tendency it may have to stick in the type bar guide.

In an organization of ty e-bar operatin links and key levers sucl as describe strains exerted by the key-levers being vertical it is not of great importance that the latter beguided, and hence their (it within the comb plates (1 and (1 may be quite free or loose, the teeth of these plates'acting )rimnrily as s iacing devices/rather than as hey-lever gun es.

Referring to Fig. 5, it will be noted that on the under sides ofthc key levers ll, immediately over universal bar d there'is a lug or projection (1. These rejections vary in ieight according to the ength of the key lever as will be seen by reference to Figs. 11,

12, 13 and 14, the longest key-lever having the hi hest lug and the shortest one the lowestlugythose of the levers of intermediate The genera length hem similarly pioportioned in height.

i arrangement of anchor oints f with reference to the key levers am the escapemcnt let oil is such that no additional ad ustment other than that afforded by filing or bending (when necessary) the lugs is required to get a uniform result on the univeisal bar. It is also possible to obtain ad- 'ustment of the key-lever on the universal ar by raising or lowerin the anchor points f, which sheets the engu ar arrangement of the links and in turn allows the vertical link i to raise or-lower the key levers. This, however, is not a desirable method to employ except, "for cheapness' of assembling, as the lowering and raising of the anchor points affects the depression of the key-levers and creates other slight inaccuracies in the construction. AvibratorWis shown in Fig. 5. Its lower end is jointed to the longhorizontal arm of a pivoted bell crank leverwhose downwardly extendin arm is jointed to a link x the frontend of which is jointed to the vertically disposed end arm a of a pivoted bell crank lever whose forwardly extending arm is shaped as shown in Fig. 5 and formed with three notches as, 2;, 2: to receive a cross-piece or 55 pin carried by a link 1r connected centrally (either red or black for instance) is brought When in notch opposite the printing point. z the other band of color only is brought-into operation, and when the pin is in notch xno' part of the ribbon is brought to the printing point. Link 2: may be adjusted at will to any one of the three positions mentioned by means of a rocking arm xhavinga vertical slot x into which the cross pin extends, and operated uponby suit-ab 0 shift keys or devices. ward position and cross in 2 is in notch a an ad ustable eccentrics] y mounted circular stop 12 engages the rearwardly turned end 2 of the horizontal forwardly extending end of the bell crank lover.

The rocking escapement plate 'I is oierated from arm 2: of the bell crank lever y a link rod y (Figs. 5 and 5) that passes loosely through an aperture in the plate and has applied to its threaded end an elon ated nut 3 part of whose bore is of enlarged iam- When this 'arm is in its most for- 4 eter and beyond 'which a lock nut y is aplied to the threaded end of the link rodn this way the threaded part of the link rod is kept out of contact with the walls of the aperture in the plate.

The devices a ove described and shown in Fig. 5 for operating the ribbon vibrator and escapement are disclosed and claimed in my application No. 287,489, filed November 1-5, 1905.

The herein described arrangement for protecting the pivots of the type bars from dirt or erasure is broadly claimed in an application filed by me June 30, 1903, No. 163,691.

I claim as my invention:

1. A .front stroke writing machine coniprising the combination of the series of type bars, a series of forwardly extending links of uniform length respectively attached to the type bars, a series of shorter links of uniform length hinged to the series of first named links and respectively rocking about fixed sea in front of such hinges, and means for depressing the links of the last named series to thereby throw the corresponding type hers to the printing point with an increasing velocity.

2. A front stroke writing machine comrising the combination of the series of type liars, a eries of links of uniform length connected to the type bars and extending toward the front of the machine, a second series of shorter links of uniform length hinged at their rear ends to the forward ends of the first named links and extending toward the front of the machine, a series of fixed posis of uniform dimensions to whirh the l'orwanl ends of the series of shorter links are hinged,

and means for depressinL the latter links to printing oint wit of the short link to a fixedpoint in front of the hinge connection between the two links,

' the respective fixed oints being so located with reference to t e corresponding type bars that the flexing connections extending from the various fixed points to the type bars are of uniform len th. i

' 4. A front stroke writing machine com-,'

prising the combinations with the platen,

' segment and the series of ty e bars normally 1 mg towardthe front of t e machine, of a exing connection for each ty e bar extending from the type bar toward t e front of the machine and composed of a long and short link united b a hinge 'oint, an anchor plate mountedat t 1e front 0 the machine, a series of upright posts one for each flexing connection mounted upon the anchor plate and to each of which its corresponding flexing connection is united by a hinge joint, the anchor plate being disposed at such inclination to a vertical line that the various flexing connections are all of uniform length, and means for depressing such flexing connections to throw the corresponding type bars to the printing point with an increasing velocity.

5. In a'front stroke writin machine of the general character describe combination of an anchor plate It, a series of upright posts detachably connected to the anchor p ate and each having means for a ivotal connection thereto, the whole series ing arranged in a transverse concave line, and type bar operating connections one for each type bar pivoted to such posts and operatively connected with their corresponding type bars. r

6. A typewriting machine of the character described com rising the combination ofthe segmental anchor plate h, a series of posts detachablyconnected thereto, and a post gage I associated with the anchor plate and having a gaging surface for determining the correct position of each of said posts.

7. A writing machine of the general char acter described comprising the combination of the series of type bars, flexing type bar op crating connections one for each type bar extending from the heel of the ty e bar under it toward the'front of the mac line and-each composed of two links-united by a hin e joint, fixed points to which the forward ends of such type bar-operating connections are flexibly attached, such fixed points being ar comprising the i isomer ranged in a transverse concavecurved line with those at the ends of the series nearer a vertical lane assing through the axes, of

the series whereby, asdescribed, the various flexing type bar oplerating connections may be of uniform lengt 8. A front stroke writin machine comprising the combination of t e type bar segment, the series of type bars mounted therein and normally lying toward the front of the machine, type bar operating connections'one for each type bar each composed of a forwardly extending link 0 eratively connected to the type bar and a s iorter forwardly extending link swingin about a fixed point, a series of springs one or each short link connected at their lower ends to their corresponding links in rear of the fixed points, a

segmental spring supporting plate to which the-upper ends of the springs are connected and means for adjusting the position of the platethsimultaneously vary. the tension of all the s rings.

9. tha stroke writing machine comprising thecomb nation of the type bars, operative connections each coin osed of two links hingedtogether, a rear lin attached to its corresponding t pe bar and ashorter front link swin ing a out a fixed point on the frame, a series bfkey levers one for each such connection arran edbelow them and of unequal length, the l'erigtli thereofbeing determined b the position of the finger ieces in the keycard and link donnections etween the key levers and said shorter front links, such link connections being attached to the shorter front links at different distances from their fixed points such distance being determined in each case by the length of the key lever. v 10. A writing machine of the general character described com rising the combination of the short front links f respectively turning about fixed points at their front ends, a serea ries 'of key levers arranged below such links rocking about a common axis and of dissimilar length, andconnections between-the res ective key levers and corresponding lin the points -of connections with the links being at different distances from the fixed points of the latter according to the len ths of the key levers whereby substan- ,tia y uniformdepth of de ression of the various key levers is obtained 11. A writing machine of the general character described comprising the comb nation of the type bar se ment, ty e bars pivotedtherein and normally extcn toward the frontrof the machine,' a series of rearwardly extending'links, a series of fixed points to which the front ends of such links are ivoted, the series of pivots being arrange in a concave transverse line having a lon er chord than that of the curve in which the i gles, key-levers of unequal length, operative the type bars, a series of upright-members distances-from their pivots and means for atu their rearends to the first named link.

type bars are pivoted and located correspondingly below such curve, a series of E longer links respectively hinged at their front ends to the rear ends of the short links, and extendin upwardly and rearwardly tn the heels of t eir respective type bars, key levers one for each type bar having a common axis, extending forward under the short front links and of unequal length according to their respective positions in the key board, and a linkconnection from each key lever to its corresponding short front linki such connections being at different distances from the axes of the short front links according to the lengths of the key levers.

12. In a front stroke writing machine, the combination with the segment and series of type bars pivoted therein, of ty e bar onerating connections one for eac 1 ty e bar hinged at the rear to the type bars an at the frontto fixed points, such connections having hinge joints in rear of the fixed points and acting as braking or accelerating togconnections between the key-levers and type bar operating connections applied to the latter between their hinge joints and fixed points at variable distances from such points accordingto the length of the key levers.

13. A typewriting machine comprisirg pivoted type bars, flexing type bar operating connections attached at their rear ends to arranged in front of the type bar pivots and to which the front ends of such connections are atta hed and gages for determining the positionof said members.

14. A typewriting machine comprising pivoted type bars, flexing type bar operating connections attached at their rear ends to the type bars, a series of upright membersarranged in front of the type bar pivots and to which the front ends of such connections are attached and a notched gage-plate fer determining correct position of said members. w

15. A typewriting machine com rising a series of fiat type bar operating mem as each horizontally disposed, pivoted at their front ends, having means for attaclnnent'of at their rear ends, means for attachment cf the downwardly extending links at variable tachment of variable leverage springs at vsriable distances from their pivots.

16. A writing machine comprising combination of a series of type bars; a series of conically arranged links under the type bars and attached thereto at their rear ends;

a series of radially arran ed shorter length, all the s pivoted' at their front encs and hinged st 2. series of vertically disposed links attached at their 11 per ends to said shorter links at l normally extending to the front of the machine, a channeled support adapted to hold a pad upon which the type bars rest, and a pad seated therein and composedof a. layer of relatively soft and elastic material, an outer layer of relatively hard material and a relalayer.

IS. A se 'mental channeled type bar rest support and a pad seated therein and comtivelv thin cover applied over the outer posed of relatively elastic material in contact with the support and an outer relatively inelastic material out'of contact with the support upon which the headsof the type bars he.

19- A typewriting machine comprising the combination of type-bars, four series of key levers, those of each series being of equal length, type bar operating flexin connections, each com rising two links 0 unequal length, all the s 1orter ones being of uniform length and all the longer ones being likewise of uniform length, and'verticall v disposed links connecting all said shorter links with the r respective type bars.

20. A typewriting machine comprising the combination of type-bars, four series of key levers, those of each series being of equal length, type bar operating flexin cannections, each com rislng two links 0? unequal liorter ones being of uniform length and all the longer ones being likewise of uniform length, and vertically disposed links connecting .all said shorter links with their respective key lovers, the connections of the vertically disposed links being made at different points on said shorter links according to the differentlengths of key levers.

21. In a front stroke writing machine, a series of type bars of equal length, a series of type bar actuating flexible connections each composed of a shorter front link and longer rearlink hinged thereto, all the shorter links being of equal length and all the longer links being of uniform length, aseries of vertically disposed links of unequal length operetively applied to such flexing connections intermediate their front and rear ends and 2. series of key levers of four different lengths to which the latter links are connected.

2:2. A front stroke writing machine, comprising the combination of a series of parallel iorizontally disposed key levers extending fore and aft the machine, a series of nsralle type bars normally lying toward the front of E the machine in trough-like formation and above the key levers, a series of convergent flexing type bar actuating connections of 65 different tances from their pivots; a series l equallength lying between the type bars and age key levers, and each composed of two links hinged together and connected at the rear to 1 its type bar and at the front pivoted at a fixed point; the transverse line m which the fixed pivot points .are included being of reater length than the width of the series of 'ey levers, and vertically disposed linls connect-ing each key lever with its corresponding flexing connection in rearof the front pivot point of the latter.

23. A front stroke writin machine comprising the combination of a ecreasmg leverlink lying in a substantially horizontal position, a link inclined obliquely upward therefrom and hinged to its rear end, the two forming a flexing connection attached at its rear end to the tyne bar and pivoted at its front end to a fixe point, and means operat--- ing upon the flexing connection intermediate its ends to flex the connection and move the point, of flexure forward during the rearwar excursion of the type bar to the printing point.

'24. A front stroke writing machine of the character described, comprising a series of anchoror pivot points for ty e bar actuating connections and a series 0 key levers located below such points, the series of anchor points being included in a transverse line of greater length than the width of the series of ey levers. 4

25. A typewriting' machine comprising a series of key levers, a series of decreasing levers e te bar actuatin members and a selies of decreasing leverage springs therefor, combined with vertically arranged connec tions attached to the key levers and engaging thedecreasing leverage members at various points, according to the positions in the key board occupied by the key-levers.

26. A writin machine c'om rising a series of decreasing everage, typear actuating membels, a series of decreasing leverage springs applied thereto and means for simuL taneously adjusting all the springs.

27. A typewriting machine comprising a two ie ce tyne-bar segment the rear port-ion of w eh is s otted at its lower end to receive the type-bars therein mounted and also slotted to receive the pivot rod for the type-bars and the'front portion of which is also slotted to receive type-bars and also acts to ref-am the (plvot bar in position and as a dust or dirt she I rality of separate segmental parts fitted to gether, the segment being provided with r9. 5 dial slots to receive the type bars, and the contiguous faces of the segmental parts being adapted to receive and su port the pivots about which the type bars rock.

29. A type bar segment composed of two segmental parts fitted together and provided .With slots extending into both parts to receive the type bars, a continuous aperture in the segment ada ted to receive a pivot wire, common to all t 1e type bars, which is supported and held in position by the two segmental parts.

30. A type bar segment composed of two segmental arts fitted together and provided with radia slots, extending into both, arts, to receive the ty e bars, one part formed to receive the type bar ivots and the other to hold them against dispqacement.

31. A type bar segment composed of two segmental arts fitted together and provided with radial to receive the type bars, one part eing formed to receive a continuous wire constituting the pivot for all the type bars and the other acting to hold the wire against-dis placement.

segmental parts, one removably fitted u on into both parts, to receive the t being adapted to receive and support the type bar pivots, and the removable part having a segmental extension actin as a dust guard to protect the pivots of the ars.

testimony whereof, subscribed my name.

EDWARD B. HESS. Witnesses:

EDWARD C. DAVIDSON, L. F. BROWNING.

28. Atype bar segment comprising a plueing slots, extending into both arts,

32. A type bar segment composed of two, 7

I have hereunto the other, and having radial slots exten ing, e bars, the 4 contiguous se mental faces of t e two parts 

